MOLES
Mole - Amount of substance which contain's Avogadro's constant/number of particles (chemical species [ion/atom/molecule]).
The amount of substance that contains the same number of particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of the isotope carbon-12.
(mol)
Avogadro's number - 6.02 x 10
23
ELEMENTS - Relative atomic mass (Ar)
MOLECULES - Relative molecular mass (Mr)
IONS - Relative formula mass (Fr)
Empirical Formula - Simplest ratio of each element in a compound.
*Use only Ar when calculating empirical formula!
**Empirical formula gives mole ratio
​
Molecular Formula - Exact or actual number of atoms of each element present in a compound (multiple of empirical formula).
GASES
mole ratio = volume ratio
​
Ratios in gases:
-
Mole - Mole
-
Volume - Volume
-
Mole - Volume
KMT - KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY / KINETIC GAS THEORY
-
The volume of gas particles is assumed to be 0.
-
The gas particles are in constant motion
-
The collision of the gas particles with the sides of the container causes pressure (elastic collision)
-
The particles exert no forces on each other
-
The average kinetic energy is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas.
REAL GASES
-
An ideal gas exactly obeys gas laws (KMT)
-
Real gases have attractive forces (at high temperature)
-
Real gases actually take up some volume
-
Real gases behave like idea gases at high temperature and low pressure
