DEMOGRAPHICS & HUMAN MOVEMENT

Demographic – Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it. Includes the following:

• Age

• Sex

• Education level/literacy rate

• Income level

• Marital status

• Occupation

• Religion

• Birth rate

• Death rate

• Average family size

 

Socioeconomic – Relating to the interaction of social and economic factors

Economic Growth – An increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, compared from one period of time to another.

Economic Development – The process where low income national economies are transformed into modern industrial economies

​

DEMOGRAPHIC MODEL

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Economic growth leads to economic development which leads to economic growth. 

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Economic Development includes:

• Infrastructure

• Education

• Political stability

• Environment

• Safety

• Healthcare

TECHNOLOGY + INNOVATION 🡪 AGRICULTURE

Human development plays a significant role in improving the growth and development of an economy; a nation with a healthier and more skilled work force is one that has a greater capacity for long term growth. Therefore, one of the most significant factors to assess when looking at the development of a society is health. This is the capacity for shelter, internet, food, agriculture and water. quality/usage. 

​

Factors affecting Water demand:

• Size of the city

• Climatic condition

• Cost of water

• Distribution system

• Supply System

• Industry

• Quality of water

• Standard of living

 

***Water consumption has tripled in the last 50 years

**70% of water is used in agriculture

​

Demographics and Human Movements - Glossary {Understanding these can really help out your vocabulary and knowledge for the essay portions]

Population Density – A measurement of population per unit area

​

Birth rate – The number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year

​

Death rate – The number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year

​

Growth rate – The number of people added (or subtracted from) a population in a year due to natural increase and net migration expressed a percentage of the population of the population at the beginning of the time period.   

​

Natural Increase/Decrease – The surplus (or deficit) of births in a population in a given time period.  

​

Migration – The movement of people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily in a new location

​

Refugee – A displaced person who has been forced to cross national boundaries and who cannot return home safely   

​

Brain Drain – The emigration of a significant proportion of a country’s highly skilled, highly educated professional population, usually to other countries offering better economic and social opportunity.

​

Emigration – The number of emigrants departing an area of origin per 1,000 population in that area of origin in a given year

​

Infant Mortality Rate – The number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births in a given year

​

Immigration – The process of entering one country from another to take up permanent or semi-permanent residence    

​

Gross National Income (GNI)  – The sum of value added by all residents producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.    

​

Cohort – A group of people sharing a common temporal demographic experience who are observed through time

​

Age-Dependency Ration – The ratio of persons in the ages defined as dependent (less than 15 years and over 64 years) to persons in the ages defined as economically productive (15-64 years) in a population.

​

Age-Sex structure – It is the composition of a population as determined by the number or proportion of males and females in each category. The age-sex structure of a population is the cumulative result of past trends in fertility, mortality, and migration.

​

Population Pyramid – It is a vertically arranged bar chart that shows the distribution of a population by age and sex.

​

Push-Pull Hypothesis – A migration theory that suggests that circumstances at the place of origin repel or push people out of that place to other places that exert a positive attraction or pull.

​

Least Developed Countries – 50 countries according to the UN’s definition, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda.

​

Less Developed Countries – Countries in Africa, Asia (except Japan), Latin America and the Caribbean, and Oceania (except Australia and New Zealand).

​

More Developed Countries – Industrialized countries (or regions) that include Europe (all of Russia), the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.  

​

MENA Countries – The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is an economically diverse region that includes both the oil-rich economies in the Gulf and countries that are resource-scarce in relation to the population. The region’s economies have been influenced by two factors – the price of oil and the legacy of economic policies and structures that emphasized a leading role for the state.