top of page

CELL RESPIRATION

  • All living things respire (including plants and viruses) 

  • Adenosine triphosphate acts as a molecule for energy

  • Efficiency of respiration is measured by the yield of ATP 

  • Different bonds have different amounts of energy. 

CELL RESPIRATION - "The controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells

                                               to form ATP". 

SOURCES 

1) Glucose/carbohydrates (mostly) - easy to burn 

2) Lipids/fatty acids (sometimes) - highest energy store 

3) Proteins (rarely) - very low energy yield, very hard to burn 

ONLY METABOLIZED IN PRESENCE OF OXYGEN

1.JPG

!!!CALVIN CYCLE!!! 

Oxygen and Glucose moves into cell from blood. 

​

Glucose  -->  2 x pyruvate    -->   mitochondria   --> ATP & ADP (some)  / CO2 (back to blood) + H2O (stays in cell)

  (6C)                      (3C)

CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ENERGY IN CELL RESPIRATION 

        - By enzymes (end product inhibition!) 

​

All processes release heat energy: 

 - Used to raise the temperature of organism 

- Lost to environment 

- Cannot be used for metabolic processes.  

ATP 

ADP 

AMP

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION occurs in the absence of oxygen. 

 - Reactions do not continue in mitochondria. Occurs in cytoplasm. 

- Overall yield of ATP is low. 

  •  HUMANS: Lactic Acid (can build up in muscles -> oxygen debt) 

  • YEAST: CO2 & Ethanol (Fermentation & Bread making) 

ENERGY USED FOR: 

  • muscle contraction 

  • active transport 

  • protein synthesis 

  • vesicle transport 

  • DNA/RNA replication 

  • cell signalling 

Bread making 

  • CO2 causes bread to rise

  • Ethanol evaporates (volatile) due to low boiling point 

  • Yeast is used which carries out anaerobic respiration producing ethanol and CO2

​

Bioethanol

  • Produced from sugar cane, maize, using yeast

  • Used as a fuel 

Cell Respiration

bottom of page